Wall-MArt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wall-MArt - Essay Example a lot of money in training people and even more money is spent to retain the same employees and this must be maintained to gain an edge over their competitors. The Greater China region remains an untapped market and if Wal-Mart can have a tie up with another store in Greater China region they would be able to strike gold, there is a lot of potential in the Asian markets and most of them remain largely untapped so this is an ideal opportunity for Wal-Mart to strike gold. Even some European markets are largely untapped; these are really good opportunities for Wal-Mart to capitalize on and a lot of money can be made should the organization consider entering into new areas and new markets. India particularly remains an untapped market and the recent policy changes have facilitated big players to enter into the country and this is arguably the right time to milk the Indian market and to strike gold. To conclude it is very fair to say that Wal-Mart can become even bigger should it decide to enter new markets, the Asian markets are ready for the Wal-Mart stores and there is no reason as to why the organization should delay entering into those

Joint Commission Accreditation, Certification, and Licensing Essay Example for Free

Joint Commission Accreditation, Certification, and Licensing Essay Given health record completion policies, correctly apply accreditation or licensing standards to determine the organization’s compliance. Write a 1-page paper on how you think Joint? organization’s compliance. Commission’s standards impact health record completion and organizational compliance. Be sure to discuss advantages/disadvantages of being accredited by Joint Commission. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of healthcare organizations (JCAHO) is a non-profit and independent accreditation organization that provides accreditation and certification for various healthcare organizations, health plans, health packages and hospitals in the US. It has been functioning in the US, and is recognized throughout the world. More than 15, 000 healthcare organizations in the US have been accredited and certified by the Joint Commission. An organization that subscribes to accreditation by the JCAHO would constantly have to make an effort to reach certain performance standards. JCAHO gives greater importance to maintaining patient safety standards and improving the quality of care (The Joint Commission, 2008). The Joint Commission has accredited several aspects of medical care including ambulatory care, assisted living, behavioral healthcare, critical care, laboratory services, home care, surgeries, old age clinics, staff and employees, disease-management, long-term care, etc (The Joint Commission, 2008). It is very important that the healthcare organization complies with the specifications mentioned by the JCAHO. Firstly, the healthcare organization has to understand the importance of having these specifications in place. It would benefit the organization and also the patients, insurance companies, government and the general public. The litigations against malpractice are significantly fewer when a hospital has accreditation. Flowsheets that record detailed information and observations of the patients vitals and care administered would help in precise documentation. An electronic system would act as an aid in ensuring that the specifications of the joint Commission are enforced and followed. Studies have demonstrated that the compliance levels of the JCAHO specifications are around 50 % in all healthcare organizations that subscribe to accreditation by this organization. The outcome of any case would certainly be better if the specifications laid down by the JCAHO are followed. Frequently, the Joint Commission would be conducting surveys and suggested measures to be implemented in order to improve the status of the employees and the patients. One way of ensuring that the organization complies with the JCAHO specifications is to have several monitoring devices in place. These include surprise checks, regular visits, inspection of the records, etc. The information transmitted and stored in the hospital database should be accessible to the JCAHO for the purpose of monitoring. Patient surveys are another method of ensuring compliance by the JCAHO. Another way would be to record the cases of malpractice against the healthcare organization (Massachusetts General Hospital, 2007). There are several requirements a hospital or a healthcare organization has to follow in order to get accredited to the JCAHO. These include: ? Following the recommendations launched by the AMH and the BHC ? Following the requirements of the HIPAA ? Having a system that fulfills the recommendations lay down by the JCAHO regarding flow of information (using software tools such as TIER). ? Some of the important criteria regarding the information management system includes: 1. Maintain confidentiality of the patient information 2. The internal and the external needs have to be addressed through comprehensive planning 3. Security of the information – accessibility only to the relevant staff members 4. Data, which can be collected, analyzed and decisions-made. 5. Addressing the education and training needs – Information should be presented to the staff members and the patients in an automated manner 6. Information and clinical records presented to the patients should be comprehensive and specific. The Joint Commission accreditation has several advantages and disadvantages. Advantages: †¢ The patients would be having greater confidence in the healthcare organization and health plan. †¢ In the market, there would be greater competition between the healthcare organizations. †¢ The risk management would be more efficient. †¢ The business practices and ethics would improve. †¢ The human resource management process would be better. †¢ Insurance companies and third parties would have better relationships with the healthcare organization. †¢ Compliance with the terms and conditions mentioned by the regulatory bodies would be better. Disadvantages: †¢ Information provided to the JCAHO could be potentially misused. †¢ The hospital would be spending huge sums of money for the purpose of accreditation and would actually not be involved in improving patient care. †¢ Unhealthy competition may be propagated. References: Brink, L. J. (2004). â€Å"JCAHO Information Management Standards and TIER† Retrieved on February 18, 2008, from Hospitals for a Healthy Environment Web site: http://www. sequest. net/articles/TIER%20and%20JCAHO%20IM%20Standards. pdf Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (2007). â€Å"Guide to JCAHO Environment of Care Standard 1. 10.1† Retrieved on January 29, 2008, from Hospitals for a Healthy Environment Web site: http://www. h2e-online. org/regsandstandards/jcahoEC1. 10. 1. html Masshecutes General Hospital (2007). â€Å"Massachusetts General Hospital Summary of the Joint Commission Findings. † Retrieved on January 29, 2008, from MGH Web site: http://www. massgeneral. org/findings_summary. html The Joint Commission (2008). â€Å"Joint Commission Requirements. † Retrieved on January 29, 2008, from The Joint Commission Web site: http://www. jointcommission. org/Standards/Requirements/

The Iron Hand of Dramatic Irony Essay example -- Sophocles Oedipus tyr

The Iron Hand of Dramatic Irony Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus is considered by many scholars to be the most significant masterpiece of Greek drama. Through Oedipus Tyrannus, Sophocles is able to develop and establish dramatic irony, a theatrical device that allows the audience to understand the hidden meanings of the words and actions of the characters, though the characters themselves remain oblivious. Therefore, the behavior of the characters become ironic because they are unable to grasp the reality of the truth that is being unraveled before their eyes. "Dramatic irony may be described as putting into a speaker's (character's) mouth words that have for the audience a meaning not intended by the speaker" ("Dramatic"). Sophocles weaves this device into Oedipus Tyrannus, giving the play a distinct characteristic. He devises a "step-by-step discovery" of the truth (Gould), yielding value for the profound way it is constructed. With the use of dramatic irony, Sophocles incorporates the audience into the play by endowing them with "the divine position of knowing the truth" (Clay 13). A highly established illustration of dramatic irony may be found in Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus, where the character of Oedipus investigates the murder of the previous king of Thebes, only to learn that it is himself who is guilty of committing the crime, a truth known to the audience all along. Thus, Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus has dramatic irony woven into the play from the beginning to the end. The principal aspect of Sophoclean tragedy that is delicately worked into the play is dramatic irony itself. Sophocles masters the technique of dramatic irony in Oedipus Tyrannus as he entails a second, ominous meaning for nearly every... ...ut his tragic downfall. The significant use of dramatic irony in the tragedy of Oedipus compels the spectator to be involved emotionally in Oedipus' blind heroic struggles to find the truth. Thus, Sophocles effectively implements the art of dramatic irony through the tragedy of Oedipus Tyrannus. Works Cited Bates, William N. Sophocles Poet and Dramatist. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1940. 19-20. Writer's Market. 22 February 2001 <http://www.writersmarket.com/encyc/d.asp>. Knox, Bernard, trans. Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Enriched Classic ed. New York: Washington Square P, 1987. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Trans. Diskin Clay. Ed. William Arrowsmith. New York: Oxford UP, 1978. 13. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Trans. Thomas Gould. New Jersey: Prentice, 1970. 2. Sophocles. Oedipus Tyrannus. Norton Critical Ed. New York: Norton, 1970.

Influences and Characteristics of Entrepreneurial Behavior Essay

Management skill and strong team building abilities are often perceived as essential leadership attributes[3] for successful entrepreneurs. Robert B. Reich considers leadership, management ability, and team-building as essential qualities of an entrepreneur. This concept has its origins in the work of Richard Cantillon in his Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en (1755) and Jean-Baptiste Say[4] in his Treatise on Political Economy. Psychological studies show that the psychological propensities for male and female entrepreneurs are more similar than different. A growing body of work shows that entrepreneurial behavior is dependent on social and economic factors. For example, countries with healthy and diversified labor markets or stronger safety nets show a more favorable ratio of opportunity-driven rather than necessity-driven women entrepreneurs. Empirical studies suggest that male entrepreneurs possess strong negotiating skills and consensus-forming abilities. Research studies that explore the characteristics and personality traits of, and influences on, the entrepreneur have come to differing conclusions. Most, however, agree on certain consistent entrepreneurial traits and environmental influences. Although certain entrepreneurial traits are required, entrepreneurial behaviours are also dynamic and influenced by environmental factors. Shane and Venkataraman (2000) argue that the entrepreneur is solely concerned with opportunity recognition and exploitation, although the opportunity that is recognised depends on the type of entrepreneur; while Ucbasaran et al. (2001) argue there are many different types contingent upon environmental and personal circumstances. Jesper Sà ¸rensen has argued that some of the most significant influences on an individual’s decision to become an entrepreneur are workplace peers and the social composition of the workplace. In researching the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur based upon working with former entrepreneurs, Sà ¸rensen discovered a correlation between working with former entrepreneurs and how often these individuals become entrepreneurs themselves, compared to those who did not work with entrepreneurs.[5] The social composition of the workplace can influence entrepreneurism in workplace peers by proving a possibility for success, causing a â€Å"He can do it, why can’t I?† attitude. As Sà ¸rensen stated, â€Å"When you meet others who have gone out on their own, it doesn’t seem that crazy.† [5] Perception of entrepreneurs The ability of entrepreneurs to innovate is thought to relate to innate traits such as extroversion and a proclivity for risk-taking. According to Schumpeter, the capabilities of innovating, introducing new technologies, increasing efficiency and productivity, or generating new products or services, are characteristic qualities of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are catalysts for economic change, and researchers argue that entrepreneurs are highly creative individuals with a tendency to imagine new solutions by finding opportunities for profit or reward.[6] Largely due to the influence of Schumpeter’s heroic conceptions of entrepreneurs, it is widely maintained that entrepreneurs are unusual individuals. In line with this view, there is an emerging research tradition investigating the genetic factors that are perceived to make entrepreneurs so distinctive (Nicolaou and Shane, 2009). However, there are also critical perspectives that attribute these research attitudes to oversimplified methodological and/or philosophical assumptions (Gartner, 2001). For example, it has been argued that entrepreneurs are not that distinctive, but that it is in essence unrealistic preconceptions about â€Å"non-entrepreneurs† that maintain laudatory portraits of â€Å"entrepreneurs† (Ramoglou, 2011). Classification of entrepreneurs A. Based on functional characteristics 1. Innovative entrepreneur: Such entrepreneurs introduce new goods or new methods of production or discover new markets or reorganize the enterprise. 1. EX: new product, new ways of product, new markets and reorganise the enterprise. 2. Imitative or adoptive entrepreneur: Such entrepreneurs don’t innovate,they copy technology or technique of others. 1. EX: Chinese mobiles. 3. Fabian entrepreneur: Such entrepreneur display grates situation and scepticism in experimenting with any change in their enterprise. They change only when there is a serious threat to the very existence of the enterprise. 4. Drone entrepreneurs: Such entrepreneurs are characterised by a diehard conservatism and may even be prepared to suffer the losses. 1. EX: Acc. To MC Kinsey in 2015, 110-130 million people will be unemployed out of which 90-100 million people will be Fresher. [edit]B. Based on development angle 1. Prime mover: This entrepreneur sets in motion a powerful sequence of development expansion and diversification of business. 1. EX: Ambani 2. Manager: such an entrepreneur doesn’t initiate expansion and its content in just staying in business. 3. Minor innovator: This entrepreneur contributes to economic progress by finding better use for existing resources. 1. EX: minimum wastage maximum production. 4. Satellite: This entrepreneur assumes a suppliers role and slowly move towards a productive enterprise. 5. Local trading: such entrepreneur limits his enterprise to the local market. C. Based on entrepreneurs business 1. Manufacturing 2. Wholesaling 3. Retailing 4. Service Based on personality traits 1. The improver: They have unwavering to run these businesses with high integrity and ethics. 2. The advisor: â€Å"Customer is right and we must do everything to please him† because company is built by advisors and advisors become customer focused. 3. The superstar: All depends upon the charisma and on the high energy of the superstar CEO. 1. EX: Richard Branson (400 co’s/Virgin coin), Larry Page (Google), Lt. Steve Jobs (Apple), Ratan Tata (Tata sons). 4. The artists: Are highly creative type, very conscious about business. If feedback is constructive i.e. positive than also lets go with negative self-image. 1. EX: Aamir Khan, Michael Dell (Dell), MC Cormich (EMI). 5. The visionary: Too focused on dreams with little focused on reality. 1. EX: Jack Welch (GE), Bill Gates (Microsoft), Kishore Biyani (Future Group), Warren Buffet (Berkshire Hathaway), Sam Walton (Wall Mart). 6. The analyst: More focused on fixing problems in a systematic way. 1. EX: Gordon Hore (Intel), Rana Kapur (Yes Bank), Gautam Adani (Adani Groups) 7. The fireball: A business owned and operated by a fireball is full of life, energy and optimism. They have â€Å"A get it done attitude in a playful manner†. 1. EX: Malcolm Forbes – Forbes magazine 8. The hero: Have an incredible will and ability to lead the world and your business through challenges. 9. The healer: They provide nurturing harmony to their business, they have uncanny abilities to survive and persists inner calm. 1. EX: Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak (Sulabh International), Kumar Manglam Birla (Son of L.M Birla). 1. The Opportunistic: take advantage of opportunities as they occur. 1. EX: Mark Zuckerberg Theory-based Typologies Recent advances in entrepreneur researcher indicate that the differences in entrepreneurs and the heterogeneity in their behaviors and actions can be traced back to their the founder’s identity. For instance, Fauchart and Gruber (2011) have recently utilized social identity theory to illustrate that entrepreneurs can be distinguished in three main types: Darwinians, Communitarians and Missionaries. These types of founders not only diverge in fundamental ways in terms of their self-views and their social motivations in entrepreneurship, but also engage fairly differently in new firm creation.

Creating a New Brand in a Competitive Environment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this document is to show how the marketing has changed to adapt to the modern world, and international companies work to offer the best services and product, competing with other firms. Some Marketing tools have varied depending on the approach; this is why some companies prefer to use a disparity of elements to attract customers and retain them, offering some added value. In the research it is possible to find different theories applied to real examples, and taking companies such as Diageo, Louis Vuitton Moet Hennesy (LVMH), and SABMiller like an example, to introduce a new product in an unexplored segment.Beginning with a short background explaining how the main company works, their star product and direct and indirect competitors. Also, it has discussed about the challenges that this companies have been facing and how they solve these issues, implementing some strategies. The Swot will be explained more in detail, which is important to know the int ernal and external forces, are influence the company stability. The differentiation is also important, because this gives to the company uniqueness, originality and authenticity part that consumers see it like added value.After an intensive study, the recommendations to launch a successful product are made to implement in a new market, avoiding imitations and confusion in customers, due to the huge range of competitions in the same sector. Diageo is always caring about their customers; they support campaigns to avoid underage drinkers. INDEX Page Introduction3 1. Case Background 4 2. Key Findings 5 2. 1. What is the real challenge that Guinness faces at the market? 5 2. 2. More than a want 5 2. 3. A big competition5 2. 4. Marketing Channels 6 2. 5. Finding main challenges in the competition6 . 6. Segmenting Markets7 2. 7. SWOT7 2. 8. Designing a marketing plan8 2. 8. 1. Opportunities in the UK market 8 2. 8. 2. Target Market 9 2. 8. 3. The New 4 P’s 9 2. 9. Creating Brand val ue 10 2. 10. Branding 11 2. 11. Differentiation strategies 11 Recommendations 12 Conclusions 13 Appendix Bibliography INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this assignment, it is to explore different marketing approaches in current markets, apply a disparity of theories studied at class and expose perspectives from both sides in the market, consumers-companies.In general, this project will focus in how to launch a product in a competitive market, where the beer will be the main competitor. Introducing companies such as Diageo, which has a short trajectory but its brands a long heritage history, Louis Vuitton Moet and Hennesy is recognizing for their luxury products; and SABMiller, the variety is the strong part. 1. CASE BACKGROUND Diageo is one of the market leaders in premium beverages companies; they provide a huge range of alcoholic drinks, for example, spirits, beers and wines.They include brands such as Johnnie Walker, Crown Royal, J&B and among many other. Besides this, it is possi ble to find this company in roughly 180 markets, employing more than 25. 000 people with 80 offices. Its company structures and orientation is classified in Geographic, this is why Diageo desires sell the right product to the right customer, and therefore certain products are selling according to the demand of each country. In UK, Guinness is the most popular beer in Bars and Pubs, and it is not only its taste, is also the way to communicate the correct message, which I will discuss in more detail.Apart from this, it has been rated one the top tasting beers around Great Britain. Additionally, having a long heritage makes this brand stronger and trustworthy for drinking people. However, positioned companies, like Louis Vuitton Moet Hennesy (LVMH) and SABMiller, do not facilitate its distribution and selling, so to differentiate each company has worked in the strategic marketing plans, taking into account that LVMH is the indirect competitor in the alcoholic beverages market. 2. KEY F INDINGS 3. 1. What is the real challenge that Guinness faces at the market?A long heritage brand could be difficult to revitalize in a modern and competitive market, due to a huge range of brands trying to imitate the taste and the shape, but how does Guinness keep being recognized by people all of ages without losing their well-know brand and their main features? This question is one of the big challenges that Diageo currently faces. 3. 2. More than a want Historically, beers have been the drinks for people who want to enjoy and celebrate any moment, making them special and unforgettable, and these facts make beer more than a want, a demand which is covered for a lot of companies around the world.Nowadays, the Guinness Brand has become more popular and desirable for everyone, because Diageo just do not want to reflect a beer, but also an entire history of a community that has grown with it. 3. 3. A big competition In this days and age, the competition in this sector has increased, which make more difficult the inclusion of new product. There are more than 40. 000 companies’ worldwide, offering different alcoholic beverages, new contrast, and new messages. According to Euromonitor International (2011), in the UK despite of crises, unemployment and economic downturn, Guinness is still the most popular beer.Nevertheless, in this industry firms such as LVMH and SABMiller, keep doing very well and creating a diverse way to differentiate from the competition. 3. 4. Marketing channels in Guinness compared with SABMiller and LVMH Guinness SABMiller LVMH| Communication | Distribution | Service | As it has been mentioned in the previous table the different method to keep in touch with their consumers and, even better, attracting new ones, is the only way to differentiate between the competitions.Guinness’ authenticity and originality tries to parley the moment drinking beer, into joining these special moments into all their history. However, while Diageo tries to keep in the traditional way, SABMiller is gaining the younger market and LVMH is taking advantage of the weakness in Diageo, and forgetting that luxury wines and spirits are a strong part of their competition. 3. 5. Finding Main Challenges in the Competition As a Global Firm, the role of SABMiller has some challenges that still face nowadays. Their main issue is competing with local brands and the inclusion of new global brands.As a result they always keep practicing their main strategies, in which Nick Fell (2011), SABMiller’s Marketing Director, mention that â€Å"we believe is key to sustaining our competitive edge. Our ability to nurture and grow brands that consumers want is one of our most important business assets†. Meanwhile, LVMH is a luxury brand company which always wants to offer the best quality in a high price. Despite the financial crisis in the last years in Europe, LVMH has grown in the previous years (Lucy Shaw, 2012), this appears to show th at the strategies to keep the high prices in the offering luxury products, have worked.Beyond price and luxury products, brand trust is also important (Kapferer, 2012), because it provides more certainty. They are taking advantage of their brand creating value for consumers. Nevertheless, at the same time, LVMH are forgetting a big part of the market; the youngster. Due to high prices and long heritage history, the products just have covered a small part of the market; as a result Louis Vuitton Moet and Hennesy are making the same mistakes that Guinness made. Taking into account the previous examples, the diffusion of innovation theory (Rogers, 1962, cited in Kotler & Keller, 2011, p. 84) describes five types of consumers, 1) Innovators, 2) Early adopters, 3) Early majority, 4) Late majority, and 5) Laggards, the last category just refers to 16% of people who still buy the same product for a long time, and they believe and trust in the brand; consequently, these companies are coveri ng roughly less than 20% of the market. 3. 6. Segmenting Markets Regarding market segmentation each company and brand identifies a group of customer with similar needs or wants to satisfy. All different companies have different approaches, taking SABMiller for example, which is segmented geographically depending on the country region.In that way they can operate closer to their customers, develop some programs or activities to compete with local stores and concentrate in reacting in any variations of their business competitor. Either way, the grassroots marketing(REF) is a good strategy to implement, when it has been considering including a large part of the market. In addition, it is important to mention that the aforementioned company has an approach in business to business, which it also works as a channel distribution.As well as SABMiller, Diageo uses the same global segmentation strategy in local markets, but simultaneously splitting the market demographically in accordance wit h gender and age. In this case, Guinness has been segmented by age and behavior, which belongs to age group in 20 to 35, and people who want to enjoy a moment, taking some time, and relax without worries. Having discussed SABMiller and Guinness segmentation strategies, it could expose the LVMH segmentation strategies. Spirits and wines sold by LVMH have been segmented demographically, which includes income and social status, people who want to feel sophisticated in a luxury market. . 7. SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) Strengths * Strong structural companies, powerful brand extensions and long heritage history. Diageo has all the variables to succeed in a market where it already has launched some products. It also has a long history with brands such as Guinness, Johnnie Walker or Buchannan. Even when the company is relatively new, it has more than 80 offices around the world, this would indicate huge market knowledge. Weaknesses * Venture in a completely new segm ent. This could be a huge growth opportunity but, if it the new brand fails, the reputation of the other brands can be affected.Opportunities * Low competitions in a new market. The UK is famous for its beer, some whiskeys and cider, but all of them focus on men, regardless the female of what wants and demands are. The growth of women markets is a chance to venture in a new segment. Threats * Big companies and big brands. The hard competition in well-known brands and the ease of imitations can become a threat to the beer product in the UK. Coupled with this, is the entry of this substitute’s products (Porter, 1985, cited in Ranchhod and Gurau, 2007), like cider (Bulmers, SABMiller) or wines (LVMH), which are located in the top percentage of drinks aimed towards women. . 8. Designing a Marketing Plan As said by Kotler and Keller (2011), a marketing plan has two levels: Strategic and tactical, which include target market, value proposition and product strategy respectively. 3. 9. 1. Opportunities in the UK market According to Alcohol Concern (2008), approximately 90% of British women drink at least once per week, while men drink 21 units of alcohol per week, women drink 14 units. These facts make the female segment a strong one, to penetrate this forgotten sector.So, due to this huge demand in the alcoholic beverage market and thinking in the female sector, Diageo has taken the initiative to launch a special product for women and their wants and demands. Besides, studying this segment, it has found that the competition offering beer for women is really low. In the graph below, it shows the amount in units drinking of each gender: Fig 1. Office for National Statistics (2005) Units per week [Medium] [Online] Available at http://www. alcoholconcern. org. uk/assets/files/Publications/Women%20factsheet. df (Accessed: 22 February 2013) Following this short but essential research, it is promising to say that the women are an unexplored market, where companies li ke Diageo have a great opportunity to venture in this segment. 3. 9. 2. Target Market Diageo brands have a long heritage history with strengths make easy to get into unknown segment, and consequently reaching a position in the alcoholic drinks market. Diageo realizes this area of the market occupied by women market is an ideal segment to launch a product, which caters to their wants and demands.This product is addressed to young professional women, who just want to enjoy life in any given moment, regardless of worries. So, FEM-Ale is targeted to young women, who are aged between 21 to 35 years old, and women just want to relax after a long hard day at work. To be more specific, it will target the market according to the income of women, the hourly pay rates are between 6 and 10 pounds per week (BBC, 2012). 3. 9. 3. The New 4 P’s (Marketing Mix) It has been mentioned that the old marketing has changed, and not all the tools are still used to develop attracting strategies.This is because of people behavioral change and also the world has been affected by some forces such as globalization, consumerism and commercial agreement involving governments. One of the first authors that mention the marketing-mix tools was McCarthy (1960), who determined different activities of marketing: Product, price, place and promotion. However, in this contemporary world it is necessary to look at some changes as to the effectiveness of this tool, which encompasses market communications, value and other variables that make the outcome more productive.Trying to adapt the modern world to traditional tools, authors like Piercy (2012) and Kotler and Keller (2011) have tried to establish the new four Ps. Kotler believed that the new 4 elements of the marketing mix should be: people, processes, programs and performance, taking into account that these components are more closely identifiable to the real needs in a company. Meanwhile, Piercy highlighted that the tools do not need to c hange at all but give them a different approach, for instance: the roduct and pricing policies ought to be focused in value offering, while place and promotion should be used like marketing tools. To describe the strategies used by Fem-Ale, Piercy is the author chosen to explain each one. The Value Offering To begin with Product Policy, there are a lot of variables that can affect the offering by the brand and they will be described as part of the product strategy: * Brand name: the name of the beer, want to show the rude side of boys but the female and delicacy of girls, Fem-Ale. Product variety: currently Diageo has a lot of brands that could be used by them to show the same reliability and trustfulness, for instance, at the beginning the beer will be an original sweet flavor and depending on the product placement will launch a disparity of flavors and varieties. Comparing the product diversity with SABMiller, the direct competitor, they have more than 80 options and flavors, whic h some of them are targeted at women, such as Redd’s beer, a brand which was launched successfully in Colombia and the UK (Fernandez, 2008), without success; with only the Colombian market showing success. Design and packaging: Kotler (2011) has mentioned packaging like the fifth P. It is really important because is the first contact with the customer; it is a moment of truth, in which the marketer may know if this product strategy works. The beer will come in two different packages: a can and bottle, with a pink-black color label, which describes the name, because in line with Madden, Hewwet, and Roth (2000, cited in Dibb, 2006), colors are a good strategy to attract consumers and communicate what they truly expect, do not attract teenagers market to confuse them, due to the huge problem that the UK have with underage drinkers.Establish pricing strategies is also important, because this is where the company can expect to gain a good profit. Fem-ale beer is a product for any women with a special flavor and taste tailor to their specifications, Fem-ale beer is also aimed towards any women who want to relax. That is why Diageo should keep the same price as other brand extension in the same sector. This would be a competitive price. Marketing tools Places or Distributions are all the channels to sell, deliver and offer the product. Initially, Fem-Ale would start offering some samples in pubs and retail stores.At the beginning, the coverage will be small towns close to London, because it is an easy way to introduce a new product, where people are more flexible and depending on people’s acceptance, it will be introduced to other towns. The last elements are promotional strategies or marketing communications. These are a method to introduce the product to the consumers, inviting them to try the innovations, attracting through services and promotions, and retaining loyalty customer offering some value. Within marketing communications strategies will be a web-site, describing recipes of dishes or cocktails that could accompany the new brew.As well as this some events and concerts would be sponsor by FEM-ale, a big campaign showing why this beer will satisfy the women’s wants, and using Guinness’ well-known brand, to incite trust and confidence to people who are already committed to the long heritage history of Guinness, and by means of co-branding (REF) like a promotional strategy. 3. 9. Creating Brand value It is good to show that not just young women may be sexy, self-sufficient and do not depend on anyone else to be happy, because Diageo just want to show that there is no discrimination between genders, and in this modern world women need a place to shine.This approach will be focused to make women feel strong and they just have the entire world in them hands. Diageo is creating an approach totally different from traditional beers, and giving support to the female side. (REF) 3. 10. Branding 3. 11. Differentiated s trategies: POP and POD On the other hand, SABMiller are using the dual adaption strategy (Keegan, 2005), in which communications as well as product has to be adapted to the local markets facts, including packaging, colors, name and taste. In this case, they are sure that their customers are satisfied with the cultural facts of each country. . 12. Supporting campaigns to avoid underage drinkers RECOMMENDATIONS Nowadays, the world has changed and consequently people minds have changed as well. The consumerism, globalization, big competitions in markets, crises downturn, and among many other reasons, they are some forces that affect(REF) people choice at the moment to buy a product and make people desire more goods with more specific requirements. Not all is about low prices, good quality, offers a good service, but communicating the correct message to the right consumers it is the easy way to create a product-customer connection.CONCLUSIONES Bibliography Pag 82 Market-led Author Nigel F. Piercy The New strategic Brand Management http://www. guinness-storehouse. com/en/Inside. aspx http://www. guinness. com/en-row/arthurs-day/default. html http://www. thegatheringireland. com/I-Love-Ireland/I-Love-Ireland-Blog/September-2012/Arthur-Guinness-the-man-behind-the-brew. aspx http://www. fastcompany. com/44736/brand-marketing-guinness http://www. marketingmagazine. co. uk/news/1152779/Guinness-launches-cloud-TV-campaign/ http://www. marketingmagazine. o. uk/news/1145962/Guinness-celebrates-Arthurs-Day-global-ad/ http://www. marketingmagazine. co. uk/news/1152357/Guinness-takes-skies-social-media-driven-campaign/ http://www. marketingmagazine. co. uk/news/rss/1156974/Q-A-Guinness-global-strategy-communications-director-Grainne-Wafer/ http://www. dailymail. co. uk/sciencetech/article-1363835/Why-Guinness-tastes-better-Ireland-world. html http://library. bcu. ac. uk/learner/writingguides/1. 02%20Reports. htm http://www. guinness. com/en-gb/theads. html

Free Essays on King Oedipus by Sophocles

King Oedipus by Sophocles Blindness is the downfall of the hero Oedipus in the play â€Å"King Oedipus† by Sophocles. Not only does the blindness appear physically, but also egotistically as he refuses to acknowledge the possibility of him actually being the murderer of Laius, the former King of Thebes. Coincidentally, he is also Oedipus’s biological father. The use of light and dark in the play is strategically applied in order to better understand the emotion that lies within the characters. As blame is placed upon Oedipus for the murder of Laius, he blinds himself from the possible reality that he may be the killer. The people of Thebes are informed that there is an impending curse upon them as a result of the murder mystery of their previous king, Laius. In order to quicken the cure, Oedipus calls on Teiresias, the blind prophet to aide them. Excessive pride fuels his inability to believe the prophecy of Teiresias stating Oedipus is the killer, and that he has married his mother. â€Å"Until I came - I, ignorant Oedipus, came - and stopped the riddler’s mouth, guessing the truth by mother-wit, not bird-love.† Because he continually boasts about how he has saved Thebes from the Sphinx, he believes that no one could know more than he, especially if he is the one to be accused of a crime he â€Å"knows† he didn’t commit. In response Teiresias argues, â€Å"You are please to mock my blindness. Have you eyes, and do not see your own damnation? E yes and cannot see what company you keep.† This is a pivotal component to the irony behind the idea of blindness throughout the play. Although Teiresias is physically blind, he is able to accept and â€Å"see† the truth, while Oedipus physically being able to see is left in the dark rejecting truth. The blindness of Oedipus leads to the darkness of Thebes also known as The City of Light. â€Å"We cannot believe, we cannot deny; all’s dark. We fear, but we cannot see, what is before us† worry... Free Essays on King Oedipus by Sophocles Free Essays on King Oedipus by Sophocles King Oedipus by Sophocles Blindness is the downfall of the hero Oedipus in the play â€Å"King Oedipus† by Sophocles. Not only does the blindness appear physically, but also egotistically as he refuses to acknowledge the possibility of him actually being the murderer of Laius, the former King of Thebes. Coincidentally, he is also Oedipus’s biological father. The use of light and dark in the play is strategically applied in order to better understand the emotion that lies within the characters. As blame is placed upon Oedipus for the murder of Laius, he blinds himself from the possible reality that he may be the killer. The people of Thebes are informed that there is an impending curse upon them as a result of the murder mystery of their previous king, Laius. In order to quicken the cure, Oedipus calls on Teiresias, the blind prophet to aide them. Excessive pride fuels his inability to believe the prophecy of Teiresias stating Oedipus is the killer, and that he has married his mother. â€Å"Until I came - I, ignorant Oedipus, came - and stopped the riddler’s mouth, guessing the truth by mother-wit, not bird-love.† Because he continually boasts about how he has saved Thebes from the Sphinx, he believes that no one could know more than he, especially if he is the one to be accused of a crime he â€Å"knows† he didn’t commit. In response Teiresias argues, â€Å"You are please to mock my blindness. Have you eyes, and do not see your own damnation? E yes and cannot see what company you keep.† This is a pivotal component to the irony behind the idea of blindness throughout the play. Although Teiresias is physically blind, he is able to accept and â€Å"see† the truth, while Oedipus physically being able to see is left in the dark rejecting truth. The blindness of Oedipus leads to the darkness of Thebes also known as The City of Light. â€Å"We cannot believe, we cannot deny; all’s dark. We fear, but we cannot see, what is before us† worry...

Human Cloning Essays - Cloning, Genetics, Molecular Biology

Human Cloning Essays - Cloning, Genetics, Molecular Biology Human Cloning Biological Aspects True human cloning involves taking a somatic cell from a person and removing its nucleus. Then the nucleus of a fertilized egg cell is removed and placed in the somatic cell. This is impossible in humans right now because the somatic cells are specialized and there are many genes that have been switched off in them that we do not know how to turn them back on. This was done with frogs however. The eggs were implanted with the nuclei from the intestinal lining of tadpoles. Most of these frogs died or grew into monsters. Of the ones that did grow normally they were sterile. Embryo splitting or blastomere separation is what is most commonly referred to as human cloning. Embryos in the early stages of development start to divide into cells called blastomeres. The zona pellucida (a protective covering for the egg) is punctured or removed and the blastomeres are separated from each other. Each blastomere is then covered with an artificial zona pellucida. Then each of the blastomeres starts dividing and becomes an embryo. This was attempted by Hall and Stillman in 1993. They used embryos that contained too much genetic information and got as far as 32-cell divisions in some the embryos. At this stage the embryo can be implanted in the womb. Another technique is nuclear transplantation. In this process unspecialized embryonic cells are used and their nuclei are removed. An embryo in the 32-cell division stage has its blastomeres separated and then the blastomere is fused with an egg cell by using an electric current or another method. A possibility for human cloning that has been proposed is that of the embryos that were cloned and not implanted would be frozen for use in a catalog. The child that was born from a cloned embryo would have a picture taken of him/her and placed in a catalog along with a description of the child. Then prospective parents could choose the child that they want, order its embryo, and implant it into the woman's womb. Then after nine months the couple would have their dream child. Something else that has been proposed is that a black market for embryos would arise. In this situation infertile couples could buy a cloned embryo that was stolen or was to be discarded in order to have a child. Embryo splitting could also be used to rid the world of genetic diseases. One could clone their embryo and test one of the clones for a genetic disease. If the embryo tests positive then all of the clones would be destroyed. If the embryo tests negative for diseases then one of the clones could be implanted to produce a healthy child. Ethical Aspects There are many ethical questions that must be answered before cloning becomes a reality. Many of these questions are difficult to answer because all of the facts are still unknown because cloning itself is still in its early stages as a science. Is Human cloning playing God? "And god said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have domain over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every thing that moveth upon the earth... And God saw everything that he made, and, behold, it was very good." Genesis 1:26-28, 31 Well, alot of that depends on perspective religions. Many believe that it is tampering with the work of God, but others believe that it is a miracle of science that will help infirtile couples live the dream of having their own children. Would you be willing to have a cloned child? Even if you or your spouse were infertile, there are still options other than cloning. Why not adopt? With cloned children, it means that there will be other children exactly like the one you have scatered throughout the world. With adoption, the child you

Biography of Olympe de Gouges, French Activist

Biography of Olympe de Gouges, French Activist Olympe de Gouges (born Marie Gouze; May 7, 1748–November 3, 1793) was a French writer and activist who promoted womens rights and the abolition of slavery. Her most famous work was the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, the publication of which resulted in Gouges being tried and convicted of treason. She was executed in 1783 during the Reign of Terror. Fast Facts: Olympe de Gouges Known For: Gouges was a French activist who fought for womens rights; she wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female CitizenAlso Known As: Marie GouzeBorn: May 7, 1748 in Montauban, FranceDied: November 3, 1793 in Paris, FrancePublished Works: Letter to the People, or Project for a Patriotic Fund (1788), Patriotic Remarks (1789), Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791)Spouse: Louis Aubry (m.  1765-1766)Children: Pierre Aubry de GougesNotable Quote: Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility. Early Life Olympe de Gouges was born on May 7, 1748, in southwestern France. At the age of 16, she was married against her wishes to a man named Louis Aubry, who died a year later. De Gouges moved to Paris in 1770, where she started a theater company and became involved in the growing abolitionist movement. Plays After joining the theater community in Paris, Gouges began writing her own plays, many of which dealt explicitly with issues such as slavery, male-female relations, childrens rights, and unemployment. Gouges was critical of French colonialism and used her work to draw attention to social ills. Her work, however, was often met with hostile criticism and ridicule from the male-dominated literary establishment. Some critics even questioned whether she was the true author of the works to which shed signed her name. Activism From 1789- beginning with the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen- until 1944, French women were not allowed to vote, meaning they did not have the full rights of citizenship. This was the case even though women were active in the French Revolution, and many assumed that such rights were theirs by virtue of their participation in that historic liberation struggle. Gouges, a playwright of some note at the time of the Revolution, spoke for not only herself but many of the women of France when in 1791 she wrote and published the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizen. Modeled after the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen by the National Assembly, Gouges declaration echoed the same language and extended it to women. As many feminists have done since then, Gouges both asserted womans capability to reason and make moral decisions and pointed to the feminine virtues of emotion and feeling. A woman was not simply the same as a man; she was his equal partner. The French version of the titles of the two declarations makes this mirroring a bit clearer. In French, Gouges manifesto was the Dà ©claration des Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne―not just woman contrasted with man, but citoyenne contrasted with citoyen. Unfortunately, Gouges assumed too much. She assumed she had the right to even act as a member of the public and to assert the rights of women by authoring such a declaration. She violated boundaries that most of the revolutionary leaders wanted to preserve. Among the most controversial ideas in Gouges Declaration was the assertion that women, as citizens, had the right to free speech, and therefore had the right to reveal the identity of the fathers of their children―a right that women of the time were not assumed to have. She assumed a right of children born out of legitimate marriage to full equality to those born in marriage: this called into question the assumption that only men had the freedom to satisfy their sexual desire outside of marriage, and that such freedom on the part of men could be exercised without fear of corresponding responsibility. It also called into question the assumption that only women were agents of reproduction―men, Gouges proposal implied, were also part of the reproduction of society, and not just political, rational citizens. If men were seen sharing the reproduction role, perhaps women should be members of the political and public sphere of society. Death For refusing to be silent on the rights of women―and for associating with the wrong side, the Girondists, and criticizing the Jacobins, as the Revolution became embroiled in new conflicts―Olympe de Gouges was arrested in July 1793, four years after the Revolution began. She was sent to the guillotine in November of that year and was beheaded. A contemporary report of her death said: Olympe de Gouges, born with an exalted imagination, mistook her delirium for an inspiration of nature. She wanted to be a man of state. She took up the projects of the perfidious people who want to divide France. It seems the law has punished this conspirator for having forgotten the virtues that belong to her sex. In the midst of a revolution to extend rights to more men, Olympe de Gouges had the audacity to argue that women, too, should benefit. Her contemporaries were clear that her punishment was, in part, for forgetting her proper place and violating the boundaries set for women. Legacy Gouges ideas continued to influence women in France and abroad after her death. Her essay Declaration of the Rights of Woman was reprinted by like-minded radicals, inspiring Mary Wollstonecrafts Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792. Americans were inspired by Gouges as well; during the 1848 Womens Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, activists produced the Declaration of Sentiments, an expression of female empowerment that borrowed from Gouges style. Sources Duby, Georges, et al.  Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1995.Roessler, Shirley Elson.  Out of the Shadows: Women and Politics in the French Revolution, 1789-95. Peter Lang, 2009.Scott, Joan Wallach.  Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man. Harvard University Press, 2004.

Clive Staples Lewis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Clive Staples Lewis - Research Paper Example From this study it is clear that  man’s pursuit of religion is an undertaking performed in order to achieve spiritual happiness, the kind that transcends believers’ perception of reality towards the goodness and promises of the life hereafter. It is so-called a pursuit because no one is born with religion served on a silver platter. Perhaps you might think about religion that is based on blood and race. Religion is something that should be taken as even deeper; its meaning is significant and highly philosophical. Any Jordanian man born can have the choice of believing in Jesus Christ, which is equally the same as an American believing Allah and Mohammed.  This paper highlights that  faith is greater than religion, for without faith, religions collapse and all the things associated with it perished. When there is faith, there is a belief. That is why, when one has faith in a supreme being, he believes that his actions are in accordance with what must please with hi s master; otherwise, he will be punished. This is Gandhi’s mantra that karma strikes to deserving people because it is the universal law of nature. It is noteworthy to know that even brilliant personalities in history acknowledged the moral bearings of their actions because there is someone who creates the law of morality.  Knowledge, as defined by Freud, as something that is attained through research and this knowledge is used to discern objects present only in the universe and not to the invisible such as God.

Initial Framework of a Thematic Language and Literacy Learning Package Research Paper

Initial Framework of a Thematic Language and Literacy Learning Package - Research Paper Example Besides, some other materials like charts, books and chalk boards are required to successfully teach them. Almost all the students are able to speak English thus communicating to them will not be a hard task. This will be different from a class with students speaking different language as it will require somebody who can translate what is being taught. Some learning materials like movie viewing tools are also necessary. They are majorly used to enhance the student’s memory. According to Pressley, the teacher is supposed to motivate the students, so that they can easily connect the past lessons with the current one and make learning enjoyable. Additionally, providing viable examples to the various studies and providing the necessary guidelines will improve student’s understanding of the various topics being taught. For the students of this grade, the main theme will be; playing for healthy child development. The first topic will be about playing to live. This topic is wi ll majorly be taught to provide information about the importance of playing to the human life. Besides, they are also expected to know the various aspects of playing. The second topic will be about physical education. This topic will be majorly discussing the various reasons why physical education was introduced in the curriculum. Besides, they are expected to go and play in the after some class studies. They are also supposed to be taught on the importance of P.E to their physical and mental health. The third topic is about eating healthy foods. The main objective of this topic is to ensure that the students are aware of the various types of food that are useful to the health of an individual. They are also expected to know the categories of the various foods, for instance, carbohydrates and proteins. The fourth topic will be about parental guidance. At the end of the lesson, students will be expected to be able to give the definition of parental guidance. Besides, they are not onl y going to be taught the various aspects of parental guidance. The firth topic will dwell on the playing gargets. Here, the students are expected to know the various types of playing gargets and their applications during the physical exercise. The sixth topic is about selecting the preferred playmates. It will discuss the importance of choosing the right playmate who can actively contribute when playing. The last topic will be about Scheduling regular play times. The students will be taught how to manage their time and know the best time for playing and doing other thing that can improve their health. Format for the output: Grade 1 Theme: Playing for healthy child development Topics: The topics are arranged randomly Selections/author/genre Readability (quantitative analysis)/interest/features (qualitative analysis) Objectives Expressive Instructional Playing to live Zuzee961 / short story The text can be easily read and understood by students of grade 1 since it has a Fog reading gr ade of 8.0. Additionally, it has a good plot as it is interesting. The students are expected to realize that playing improves an individual’s physical health. Besides, they are expected to interpret what they have learned to their normal life. By the end of the lesson, students are expected to identify some words that have the same meaning as the ones used in the book. Additionally, they are expected to describe the settings of the story. Physical education (P.E) Shephard /essay The text can be read with a lot of ease and understood by students of grade 1 because it has a Fog reading grade of 8.0. It also has a good plot because it leaves the reader with a lot of suspense. Students are expect

Multimedia in entertainment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multimedia in entertainment - Assignment Example 19). Apart from the animation industry as a whole, there are applications and software that are used in the entertainment industry. The Photo shoot software that are largely used in the fashion industry to add and edit the views, content, background of a photo all are examples of usage of multimedia in the entertainment industry. Adobe Photo shop is one prime example in this category that finds its usage in both domestic usage as well as commercial advertisement and fashion industry (Sidhu and Singh,p. 65). There are large number of video editing software available online as well which also brighten the multimedia field of entertainment. In the sports discipline all the international sporting activities find the usage of multimedia and graphics. Football for example displays the screens presenting the stats, graphs, digital animations. The other sporting fields also make use of similar multimedia techniques. The gaming consoles and the other online apps introduced are another example of multimedia usage in the entertainment

The Communication Effect on a Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Communication Effect on a Family - Essay Example The essay "The Communication Effect on a Family" analyzes the research on how communication affects a family. The miscommunication is attributed to poor communication or lack of a common language between two people, ideally, this is triggered by the different viewpoints of speaking held by specific people. Basically, its major area of concern is the larger sense of community and indeed the whole human system in general. According to interaction view, each and every behavior is considered to be a way of communication thus it is totally impossible to evade communication. Communication can be perceived to be avoided but the use of non-verbal communication is one way of passing information. Silence is usually attributed to some issues which are considered to be completely beyond our reach or control thus rendering the idea of no communication to be totally impossible. For instance, I am a Chinese student studying in America but it would be impossible not to communicate to my family back in China. Basically, every form of communication is made up of specific content with regard to the relationship between the two parties involved. Generally, all communications contain specific meaning as per the words used and to the person, the information is intended to be delivered to. On the other hand, the information is based on how the sender or the speaker intends for his or her information to be perceived by the receiver. For instance, I always prefer to communicate with my family using Skype. not because I can not reach them through an ordinary phone but it’s due to the general perception of how the content of information I intend to deliver to them is perceived, ideally the relationship we have is the core factor of why the best method of communication is preferred between me and my parents therefore the viability of how and what the communicator said lies in the ability of one to interpret both the verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication. Metacommunication is generally regarded to be the core relational aspect of any interaction between two or more people. Punctuation also plays a critical role in determining the nature of relationship between the sender and the recipient of a certain massage. Both the sender and recipient of information behave in a different manner during the entire process of communication however these forms of behaviors are attributed to their partner’s reactions, ideally there is the feeling from both sides of partners with each side believing that the other partner is the main reason behind the strange behavior. There is need of punctuating the whole communication thus terming one part of it as the cause while the other part is referred to as the main response. There are several instances that occur in line with other subsequent events, basically this implies that when one event happens then most definitely it would trigger the other adjacent event to follow suit. This case applies to me when I do not tal k or communicate to my family back in china through the Skype then most definitely I will be depressed or have quilt feelings of breaking down communication to people who are so dear to

World Wars I and II Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

World Wars I and II - Research Paper Example In the Second World War, there was the Allies on one side and the Axis on the other side. Thus, there are a myriad of differences and similarities characterizing the two wars. This paper compares and contrasts the two wars with regards to their origins. The First World War began on July 28, 1914 and came to an end on November 11, 1918. The war was majorly fought in Europe and it incorporated the world’s greatest powers which had formed two major alliances opposing each other. On one hand, there was the Allies which was based on the Triple Entebbe of the United Kingdom, Russia and France (Dowswell, Brocklehurst, and Brook 57-59). On the other hand, there was the Central powers which consisted of the Tipple Alliance of Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. Even so, the alliances were not inclined to the six countries exclusively. With time, more and more nations joined the war expanding the alliances even further. Also, the alliances reorganized themselves as time went by. In the final analysis, there war attracted over 20 million soldiers across the world with Europeans constituting a larger percentage (Duffy). The origins of this war can be attributed to a myriad of both long-term and short-term causes in the world history. As such, the long-term factors include a variety of conflicts and hostilities that had marred the European nations prior to the war. This includes the imperialist foreign polices that had dominated the European great powers including the Russian empire, the French Republic, the Austro-Hungarian empire, the British Empire as well as the Italy. However, the most immediate cause of the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was an heir to the Austria-Hungary throne. According to Duffy, the assassination occurred on June 28, 1914. Following this tragic assassination, a series of wars were triggered. To begin with, there was a Habsburg ultimatum against Serbia. Consequently, the alliances which had been

The Communication Effect on a Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Communication Effect on a Family - Essay Example The essay "The Communication Effect on a Family" analyzes the research on how communication affects a family. The miscommunication is attributed to poor communication or lack of a common language between two people, ideally, this is triggered by the different viewpoints of speaking held by specific people. Basically, its major area of concern is the larger sense of community and indeed the whole human system in general. According to interaction view, each and every behavior is considered to be a way of communication thus it is totally impossible to evade communication. Communication can be perceived to be avoided but the use of non-verbal communication is one way of passing information. Silence is usually attributed to some issues which are considered to be completely beyond our reach or control thus rendering the idea of no communication to be totally impossible. For instance, I am a Chinese student studying in America but it would be impossible not to communicate to my family back in China. Basically, every form of communication is made up of specific content with regard to the relationship between the two parties involved. Generally, all communications contain specific meaning as per the words used and to the person, the information is intended to be delivered to. On the other hand, the information is based on how the sender or the speaker intends for his or her information to be perceived by the receiver. For instance, I always prefer to communicate with my family using Skype. not because I can not reach them through an ordinary phone but it’s due to the general perception of how the content of information I intend to deliver to them is perceived, ideally the relationship we have is the core factor of why the best method of communication is preferred between me and my parents therefore the viability of how and what the communicator said lies in the ability of one to interpret both the verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication. Metacommunication is generally regarded to be the core relational aspect of any interaction between two or more people. Punctuation also plays a critical role in determining the nature of relationship between the sender and the recipient of a certain massage. Both the sender and recipient of information behave in a different manner during the entire process of communication however these forms of behaviors are attributed to their partner’s reactions, ideally there is the feeling from both sides of partners with each side believing that the other partner is the main reason behind the strange behavior. There is need of punctuating the whole communication thus terming one part of it as the cause while the other part is referred to as the main response. There are several instances that occur in line with other subsequent events, basically this implies that when one event happens then most definitely it would trigger the other adjacent event to follow suit. This case applies to me when I do not tal k or communicate to my family back in china through the Skype then most definitely I will be depressed or have quilt feelings of breaking down communication to people who are so dear to

Climate Change Impacts & Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Climate Change Impacts & Trends - Essay Example According to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, 2014), the main cause of global warming is greenhouse effects because of the trend of human expansion. NASA named three gases as the main component that traps radiation in the atmosphere; these are methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Other gases listed are the nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons. Human activities like the burning of oil and coal play a significant role in increasing greenhouse gases (Withgott, and Brennan, 2010). Accumulation of the greenhouse gases in the space traps radiations and cause the increase in temperatures (Freedman 2012a). The increasing temperature leads to melting of the snows, which results in rising water sea levels. A rise in water sea level reduces the land for agriculture as well as changed ecosystem in the Arctic and Antarctica. Such changes in weather and climate patterns over years would lead to changes in the biodiversity, these have devastating effects on land and marine ecosystems because it affects the flora and fauna (Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Van Aalst, 2006). The long-term effect is the emergence of diseases that are resistance to available drugs because they get adapted to the environment very fast hence uncontrolled diseases. Besides, the abnormal warm sea surface temperature, as well as the disappearance of Arctic sea ice, contributed significantly to these changes in weather patterns and the impact on property, land, and human life was massive especially in New Jersey, New York.

Graduation Speech Essay Example for Free

Graduation Speech Essay I know it’s a clichà © to say this, but I have to greet all of you first from the bottom of my heart, good morning! Thank you for all of your support and encouragement that here we are celebrating our graduation day together and here I am delivering my last speech to you. It feels like just yesterday, 4 years ago, I was so excited for my first day in middle school. I thought I was so grown up already in the new uniform, facing through new challenges and being in new surroundings. I met so many different kinds of people. Sometimes I got hurt, sometimes I got happy. I learned how to deal with each one of them. But as time passed by, things seemed to be a lot harder than I thought. There are times I wanted to give up, but deep inside me tried so hard to motivate myself. This is what everyone’s facing, this is just another step to build oneself to become a stronger and more mature person. We planned our dreams and future, how would it be like, and how nice would it be to reach it. Some said they wanted to be a doctor to help sick people, some said they wanted to be an architect because it’ll earn a lot of money, and some said they wanted to be an actor so they can be famous and well known. I had a lot of dreams. I never knew what I really wanted and what I’m good at. Steve jobs said to do what you love and he seemed to do it so easily, but I don’t even know what I love. I found all jobs are interesting. I only knew one thing that I wanted, it’s a little cheesy, and I’m sure it’s what everyone wanted, happiness. But I realized, you can’t just sit there and be happy, or you can’t just look for happiness on the top of the mountain. Happiness will come to you, when you reached success. When you reached what you wanted. Isn’t it? I like to over think everything, but I realized there’s no use to think and worry too much. Just do it and go with the flow, they said. And then you’ll find what you love at the end. We are all still in a journey to go there. Maybe just not yet, but soon we’ll be there. This is just another step. We are still young, trying to be grown-ups. This is not the end, this is another new beginning. We’re graduating. After this, don’t stop. Don’t ever stop catching your dreams. Don’t stop learning until you’ll be rest in peace. Don’t ever waste your days, because just in a second you can discover something that might change your life. From there, now I observed how I changed, how I developed in becoming a better and mature person. We all been through those steps and here we are, another step in life when we will graduate and continue with our lives. Doing what you wanted to do, catching your dreams or some of you might stay at home and rest. Remember those times when we can’t wait to grow up? Yes, we were wrong aren’t we? EditSteps 1Unless you are a very good public speaker, it is absolutely necessary that you write your speech and make an outline. Writing the speech allows you to put down on paper the types of words, phrases, and transitions that you want to use. The outline is used to remember your thoughts when you actually give your speech. You DO NOT want to read your written speech word for word (please read the Warning section). Ads by Google Free Lesson Plans Free interactive lesson plan ideas for K-12 teachers. Join ePals today www.ePals.com/join 2There is no one way of writing a speech. However, you want to make sure that you have an engaging introduction, organized thoughts, and a strong conclusion. A website like http://www.speech-topics-help.com/graduation-speech-topics.html can provide you with specific topic ideas. If you dont know how to start or what to say, just start writing.You dont have to go anywhere in your writing, but just let your thoughts run out on paper and see where it gets you. 3In the case of a high school graduation speech, it is absolutely important that your speech embodies these two principles: 1) it should be inclusive of your peers and audience (use we, not I), and , 2) it should talk about the good times and not the bad. There should be nothing negative in the speech. Check out this high school graduation speech to give you some ideas on writing your own. 4Practice, Practice, Practice! Practice your speech many times in front of the mirror. To break your nervousness, keep telling yourself: I can say this speech, and I can say it ultra sweet! Also, integrating hand motions in your speech can loosen you up and also help eat at nervousness, but dont overdo it. 5Before your graduation ceremony, do a trial run of your speech wearing your graduation cap and gown. Pretend as if all of your peers are sitting in front of you. 6Go to graduation with a happy countenance. Have your outline and then say your speech. Contrary to popular opinion, LOOK at your peers/parents when talking to them, as opposed to looking beyond them. Realize that although you never got along with most of these people in high school, they are the peers and members of YOUR senior class. Look at them and give them a speech that expresses all your heart and feeling for the good times at school and a hope for a better future. Ads by Google Pretty Dresses from P 199 Fashionable Sexy Dresses Online! Shop Now. Free Delivery Return www.ZALORA.com.ph Shop at Multiply PH Shop at Multiply, the Philippines largest online shopping destination www.multiply.com How Can I Find God? The Bible Explains How To Find God. Begin Your Relationship Right Now. everystudent.com EditTips A good hand motion to use when talking is to spread your arms and swoop them back towards the middle of your chest; this gives the effect that you are including all of your peers into one united senior class. Consulting with your high school drama and English teachers may prove useful in creating a popping speech. Identify your audience. Mostly kids? Parents? Strangers? Think about who youre talking to as you write. Involve your audience by asking questions or making requests. Ads by Google Keynote Speaker See what Marti Barletta will bring to your event. www.TrendSight.com High School Online Self-paced online courses, Earn your High School Diploma. www.aiuhs.org Evangel Christian School K-12th Grade New York City Approved SEVIS Approved to Issue Form I-20 www.EvangelChristianSchool.org EditWarnings Do NOT get nervous. Do NOT say anything controversial in your speech. Do not insult, criticize, or slander in your speech. Dont talk bad about the principal or anyone else. Do NOT make pranks when giving your speech, unless your administrators have approved you doing so. Unless your school requires you to submit a written speech and to stick to the words of your speech, DO NOT read directly from your written, prepared speech, as you could sound dull. It is better to use an outline and practice your speech beforehand. To reiterate, the only purpose of the written speech is to give a structure to your speech by putting down the approximations of the words and phrases you will use during your speech, but the exact wording of your speech will change each time you practice the speech. First I would like to start by saying thank you to all the parents, teachers, administration and faculty of Urbana High School. I would like to give a special thanks to Dr. Laura Taylor for all that she has done in her time here at UHS. Because of your support and encouragement, we are all here today celebrating this special day together. Also, I couldnt forget this awesome group of students sitting in front of me. It has been a great pleasure being able to represent this class as president for the past two years. I couldnt ask for a better group of students, classmates and friends! ​So I found out the hard way that starting a graduation speech is definitely not as easy as it may sound. As I sat around and brainstormed all of the possibilities for the beginning of this speech, I figured it would probably make the most sense to just start from the beginning of us as students. ​A little over 12 years ago, all of us were about 5 or 6 years old and were ready for our first day of school. Like most kindergarten students, Im sure almost all of us had many of the same experiences on that first day. We were excited with our new Power Ranger or maybe even Barbie lunch-box, dressed in our new favorite school outfit and I’m sure our parents were there with their cameras snapping pictures and wishing us well as they sent us off alone. Little did they know, this was only the beginning of a new chapter in our lives and I must say, in some ways not much has changed in these past 12 years.   As we went though elementary school and into middle school, we began to see ourselves mature. We saw it as an exciting new experience and we began to realize how much things had changed just over one summer. Middle school gave us all the chance to meet new people from different schools, make new friends and most importantly, become more independent. Then, those three years flew by and we were ready for a new adventure; high school. Many of us remember our first day of high school like it was yesterday. I remember walking in the Race Street doors on the day of our freshmen orientation seeing the sidewalk covered in chalk. Things like Freshmen bedtime and the words â€Å"Class of 2012â€Å" with a big X through it were written all over the concrete and Im sure after that, I wasnt the only one that felt intimidated by the older kids meaningless jokes. After a few months of being in high school and getting to know the upperclassmen, we were finally starting to get the feel of what it was really like to be a student at UHS. We experienced our first spirit week, attended school dances and were able to become more social by getting involved in any type of activity that interested us. Throughout our years at UHS some of us decided to join sports team, clubs, band or drama, and come to find out, we have so many talented students in this class. Many have really helped our sports teams improve, our clubs expand and help promote all that Urbana has to offer. Along with sports team, we were also to be the first class that was able to enjoy and embrace our newly built athletic complex. ​Not only have our years here been socially fulfilling but academically as well. So thanks to us, UHS is getting the much deserved attention that it needs and all of our hard work and dedication has given us another small push in hopes of building up our future. Now as we look back, it might seem that every year in high school seemed to end pretty similarly. Finals, warm weather, yearbooks and most excitingly, countdowns until summer. until this year. Once second semester rolled around, we had a new countdown to consider: how many days until graduation? That was the real question. Before you turn the page that begins the next chapter of your life, take the time to say thank you and goodbye. What a honor and a privilege to present high school graduation speeches! FREE HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION SPEECHES Good Evening Honored Guests, Ladies, Gentlemen and Students Our high school years seem to have passed in a flurry of activities: courses attended, grades attained, extra curricular activities, social events and lesson learned. It is hard to believe that the next few months will see the Graduating Class of [insert year] facing new horizons and challenges. Some of us may stay closer to home, some may move slightly further away and yet others may find themselves in a totally different continent. Free high school graduation speeches continued. Where ever you may find yourself and what ever challenge you may have chosen to follow and explore hold true to what shaped your yesterdays; acknowledge and appreciate what you are today and dare to be all that you can be tomorrow! As the Graduating Class of [insert year] we need to express our gratitude for the wonderful opportunities that we were exposed to. Our thanks must go to all the staff and the management of [insert name of high school]. We are privileged to have attended this school. [Insert name of school] offers a world class education of that we have no doubt. As we make a relatively smooth transition into life beyond school, I am sure that the fine education that we received will stand us in good stead time and again. Our thanks must also extend to our parents and guardians. You have remained committed to our education, but more importantly, you have remained committed to us. You have stood by our sides, even when things may have seemed a bit rocky steadfast and constant stability in a time of turmoil, hesitancy and our quest for independence. Today, we stand on the brink of a new chapter in our lives. Take a moment to reflect on everything that we have achieved. Take a moment to look back and to see and appreciate just how far we have all come. Today is our opportunity to acknowledge our accomplishments. Some may have achieved more than others with relative ease. Some may have had to work hardermay have had to dig deeper to find the resolve to continue to meet the challenge and perhaps some may have let opportunities pass them by? Either way, today, you need to acknowledge where you are. You may find that your high school years were years well spent. You may find that you regret some of the opportunities that you allowed to slip by. Acknowledge them, accept them and then prepare to move onto tomorrow! You need to dare to dream to be all that you can be tomorrow. Dale Carnegie said, The person who goes furthest is generally the one who is willing to DO and DARE! This is the challenge that lies before you this evening. Dare to be all that you can be. Dare to chase your chosen career Dare to excel Dare to go the extra mile Dare to show compassion Dare to make your mark in the world Dare to have empathy Dare to be the best you can be and then DO it! Overly simplistic? Probably. Within our reach? Definitely! My thanks and fondest best wishes go with you one and all. ​And now, the countdown is finally over. Here we are today. At our high school graduation. OK, so we didn’t bring our cool new lunch-boxes or wear our brand new school clothes but instead, we are wearing caps and gowns while once again, our parents are here with their cameras, snapping pictures and wishing us well as we prepare for the next chapter in our life. ​So, in the long run I think it would be safe to say, leave behind what isn’t helpful, like your cool cartoon lunch-box you brought on your first day of school, and instead, bring forward with you the lessons that will be the working parts of your greatest invention ever. Your life. Your future. Congratulations to us, class of 2012!

Reality Television Do More Harm Media Essay

Reality Television Do More Harm Media Essay Although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. What is Reality Television? Reality television is a television-programming genre that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded. Arguments The content aired on reality television programs plays a major role in manipulating the viewers thoughts about certain aspects of the society and help create stereotypes in the minds of the people through false representation of facts. Reality television program participants become victims of the edited material aired on TV and their image is hampered. The competition in the shows is extremely intense and brings out the worst in the participants. Reality television occupies a large amount of precious time of the viewers, thus preventing them from performing much more productive activities. KHATRY III Counter Arguments Reality television helps satisfy the needs of the people for juicy or spiced content on the screen, thus attracting large audiences. It acts as a medium of escape for the viewers from their everyday chores. However, the reality TV shows are becoming boring and pointless. Reality television helps provide a platform to bring the common man in the spotlight. But there are allegations of reality TV shows being rigged. Reality television provides an economical form of entertainment, thus proving to be profitable for the television producers since no major celebrities are usually involved. Nevertheless, the production cost averages between $800,000 and $2,000,000 plus per episode. Conclusion- Summarize and restate the arguments and counter arguments and thus, prove that the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. KHATRY 1 Does Reality Television Do More Harm Than Good? According to the American Time Survey 2011 conducted by the Bureau Of Labor Statistics U.S. Department Of Labor, The average American spends 2.4 hours everyday in front of the television screen, this means he spends 16.8 hours a week and 873.6 hours a year watching television. (American) Seven years of our lifetime in front of the idiot box can surely have a great influence on us, especially a negative one. One of the most prominent genres of modern television is the unscripted reality-based television program or commonly called Reality TV by the viewers. So what is reality television? Annette Hill in her article Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television, describes reality television as a television programming genre that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded. (Reality) Reality TV pro grams like The Bachelor, Fear Factor, Here Comes Honey Boo Boo and many more have overtaken the prime television slots and have become an integral part of the American family-couch time. Although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. First of all the content which is aired on the reality television programs is highly sexual and violent. Social cognitive theory suggests that people can discover meaningful sources of identity in their teens that feel connected to what theyre viewing. (288) According to the reports of attorney of law, Patrick A. Trueman, teens exposed to sexual material on television were more likely to be subject to premature sexual activities. Americas Next Top Model, a model hunt, has been repeatedly criticized for promoting KHATRY 2 poor body image of women resulting in low self-esteem and eating disorders among the young viewers. These shows also play a major role in creating stereotypes in the minds of the audiences. The audiences relate the actions of the participants to the ethnic or regional background they belong to. One such show is Jersey Shore, a reality television series that follows the lives of eight housemates spending their summer in New Jersey; the highly sexual and abusive content aired on the show has created misconceptions in the minds of the people regarding the residents of New Jersey. The show portrays a negative image of the American youth to the world as that of disturbed and unsophisticated. Omarosa Manigault a participant on the show The Apprentice stated, A friend of mine said, The fabric of reality TV is conflict, so make sure that youre either in the fight, breaking the fight up, or starting the fight.' The harms of reality televise are not only subjected to the audience but the participants and the crew in these shows too are pushed to the brink. The crews are made to work under unacceptable working conditions and are paid dimes for it. Three former employees of reality television shows, including American Idol, claim in a lawsuit filed that the producer forced them to work under sweatshop conditions and failed to pay for overtime hours they worked. The employees say the producer, Fremantle North America, forced them, to work up to 20 hours a day, seven days a week, sometimes without meal and rest periods, and that Fremantle falsified payroll records. (7) The participants in the reality television programs often become a victim of the misleading edited material aired on TV, which can go a long way in hampering their image in the real world. The participants in shows such as Big Brother and The Bachelor are subject to no privacy. The editing KHATRY 3 team crop the video footage in order to make it more entertaining, thus not revealing the whole truths. As a result the audience misinterprets their words and thus misconceptions are created in the minds of the viewers regarding the participants. Diana Eng a contestant on Project Runway stated in an interview, One morning the crew scared me so bad I jumped and screamed. They said that wasnt good, so I had to pretend to wake up again. (The Real) The world of reality television has also revealed the ugly face of racism in the Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy. Fellow contestants Jade Goody, Jo OMeara and Danielle Lloyd mocked Shilpa Shettys Indian accent and branded her as The Indian and a dog. (Celebrity) The highly competitive nature of the shows and the hunger to win usually brings out the worst in the participants. Sometimes even a lifetime may seem short enough to earn reputation however a moment of bad judgment is enough to lose it all. In a world where time is money and every single second is precious reality television consumes a large amount of the productive time of the viewers. The viewers spend numerous hours in front of the television watching these shows, time that they can use to perform more productive activities. Also there has been a decline in the outdoor activities of young adults, who would prefer an hour in front of the screen rather than playing ball in the park. Robert Foehr in his article Rideout states, Excessive TV viewing can contribute to poor grades, sleep problems, behavior problems, obesity, and risky behavior. (Rideout) However, we cannot be oblivious to the positive factors of this genre. Despite the numerous harms caused by reality television, the genre has become the most viewed form of television with its television rating soaring higher than ever. KHATRY 4 Realty television is one of the best means of entertainment for the viewers. For the common man it acts as a medium of escape from the arid realities of everyday life since the viewers can relate themselves with the participants on the show. The major reason for the numerous reality television programs being aired nowadays is the audiences thriving appetite for juicy or spiced content on the screen. However, the reality TV shows are soon becoming boring and pointless. Audiences have lost interest in the shows because lack of plot and repetition of themes. The show Here Comes Honey Boo Boo has received criticism globally from viewers according to whom the family is nothing but a laughing-stock. Reality television programs like American Idol and Master Chef help provide a platform for the common man to express his talents and achieve his dreams. Reality television programs are a source of instant fame and recognition for the common herd. The sole purpose of these programs is to focus on the life of ordinary people and bring them in the spotlight rather than the major celebrities. These have given the world phenomenal talents in the form of Kelly Clarkson, season one winner of American Idol, and the extraordinaire chef Jennifer Behm, who won the second season of Master Chef USA, and many others. However there are allegations of reality TV shows being rigged. The contract signed by the contestants on the reality TV shows states that the producers posses the right to determine the winners. Hope Solo, a contestant on Dancing With The Stars, pointed in her journal Solo: A Memoir Of Hope a specific incident behind the scenes that led to her elimination. Although the actual number of votes may not be twisted, producers have other illusive means to manipulate the public opinion. Dian Anderson Minshall stated in her article How Authentic Are Your Favorite  Shows? that Tom Poe a contestant on Americas Got Talent, a talent show, who lied about being injured by a grenade and suffering a brain KHATRY 5 injury while serving in Afghanistan insists the show is rigged and audiences are coached to support predetermined favorites. (How) Not only is reality television entreating but is economical as well. Producers nowadays are willing to invest in new reality TV ventures rather than sitcoms because of the huge difference in costs. Reality television programs fall cheaper to produce since no major celebrity is being paid a hefty fee. Advertisers are willing to pay millions for a 30 second commercials during the ad breaks. Nevertheless, the production cost averages between $800,000 and $2,000,000 plus per episode. Large sums of money are awarded to the winners of these shows. The cost for putting up the grand stages and sets for shows like Survivor and American Idol are exorbitant. As we have known it that there are always two sides of a coin, both the merits and demerits of reality television are present. Like it or not reality TV will remain to be one if the most popular television genre as long as the viewers demand it. Reality television has corrupted the thoughts of the viewers and hampered their perceptions about certain aspects of the society. There is hardly any authenticity to the content aired on the reality television programs; the manufactured drama aired on these shows is not reality. These acknowledged negative factors surpass the mere qualities of reality television. As stated in the above augments, although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. KHATRY 6

Enzyme :: essays research papers

The plot of enzyme activity Vs. pH is often "bell shaped" since two different amino acid groups of the enzyme are being titrated to different states of ionization at the different pH values. This means that only one of the two possible ionization states of the amino acid side chain is effective in enzyme catalysis - in other words, if an acidic side chain like Glu is involved in catalysis, it probably only works when it is ionized; since Glu side chain carboxylic acid groups have a pK around pH 5, at pH values below this pK, the enzyme will be less active; while at pH values above the pK, the enzyme will be most active. At higher pH values, another group, for example, the amino side chain group in a Lys may control the activity. So at pH values below the pK of the Lys amino side chain, which is about pH 9, the enzyme is active, while at pH values above the Lys side chain pK, the enzyme will be less active. In the end, the pH optimum lies somewhere between the pK values for these two groups that control the enzyme's activity. B. Temperature Optimum Most enzymes have an optimum temperature, which may be related to the type of organism from which the enzyme was isolated. Some organisms like plants grow well near room temperature and so their enzymes are most active at a temperature around 30 to 40Â °C. A general rule of thumb from chemistry is that a reaction's rate approximately doubles with a 10Â °C increase in reaction or assay temperature. However, since enzyme are held together by weak non-covalent bonds, at higher temperatures, the enzyme catalyzed rate slows down rather than increases: Of courese, at low temperatures, all the molecules in the solution slow down and so does the enzyme catalyzed reaction. At high temperatures, the thermal movement of the molecules become to great for the enzyme to hold its shape or conformation and so it begins to denature and lose its activity. Animal enzymes often have temperature optima near 37Â °C (especially human's since this is body temperature). For thermophilic organisms, like ba cteria or blue-green algae which grow well in near boiling hot springs, much higher temperature optima are found; some enzymes even have temperature optima near 90Â °C. In the end, the temperature you use for an enzyme assay may depend on the equipment available to you in the lab.

Differences Between Troy Movie and Iliad

The differences between the movie â€Å"Troy† and the poem â€Å"Iliad† and the explanation of why they occurred? The film Troy which is directed by Wolfgang Peterson has been deeply influenced by the epic poem, the Iliad. This work is generally credited to the Ancient Greek poet named Homer. Both the film and the poem have the same ending plots, such as the blockade of Troy by the Greeks, the disagreement between the warrior Achilles and the king Agamemnon and these actions started when the prince of Troy Paris who took the wife king Menelaus of Sparta with him.However there are many main differences related to these plots. These differences include some very major characters dying in the Iliad and surviving in the film troy, the time of the death of characters, and the relationships between the characters. Some of the major differences between the film and the poem are:   1. In the Iliad the war took 10 years in the film Troy it only took 17 days. 2. In the Iliad, P atroclus was not the cousin of Achilles, only a friend. 3.There is no mention of the horse in the Iliad. 4. In the poem, Paris is killed, Hector’s baby is killed, and Hector’s wife is the slave of Greek however in the film Troy they escape safely. 5. Agamemnon was killed by his wife, â€Å"Clytemnestra† in the Greece after the war, not by Briseis who kills him in the film. 6. Hector was too scared of Achilles to fight him and he ran away around the walls of troy 3 times. 7. In the movie Agamemnon brought the kings together for this war, which is not true in the Iliad. . In the movie, Briseis is a member of Priam's family but in the poem, she was simply a slave girl. 9. The movie tells that Achilles is so arrogant that he does not respect Apollo and the Iliad tells that Achilles respects the gods and goddesses. 10. The movie hasn’t shown any close relationships between the Greeks and Trojans and their gods and goddesses. The Iliad demonstrates the close in teractions between the gods and goddesses and their followers.The reason of these differences in the film Troy and the Iliad are to convenience of the director and for entertainment. If the film remained same as the poem â€Å"Iliad† then the movie would have received more limited ratings and decrease the amount of the audience. They would earn less money for the publishing company. Director attempted to make the film more likable by making the film a more feel good by letting Paris, Hector’s wife, Hector’s baby, Helen and Briseis escape with citizens of Troy which created an environment of hopes.The film would have appeal to lower amount of people, if Paris, Hector’s wife and baby had been killed. Many people would have feel frustrated by watching everyone dying that’s why the director did not remain true to the Iliad but in the Iliad there is really no hope left for Troy. There is no other reason for these differences except from money and as all the major and small differences are observed, it becomes very obvious that the film was moulded to a modern day audience with modern day expectations of the film.